In Part 1 we installed R and used it to create a variable and summarise it using a few simple commands. Today let’s re-create that variable and also create a second variable, and see what we can do with them.
As before, we take height to be a variable that describes the heights (in cm) of ten people. Copy and paste the following code to the R command line to create this variable.
height = c(186, 165, 149, 206, 143, 187, 191, 179, 162, 185)
Now let’s take weight to be a variable that describes the weights (in kg) of the same ten people. Copy and paste the following code to the R command line to create the weight variable.
weight = c(89, 56, 60, 116, 51, 75, 84, 78, 67, 85)
Both variables are now stored in the R workspace. To view them, enter:
height
weight
We can now create a simple plot of the two variables as follows:
plot(weight, height)
However, this is a rather simple plot and we can embellish it a little. Copy and paste the following code into the R workspace:
plot(weight, height, pch = 16, cex = 1.3, col = "red", main = "My first plot using R", xlab = "Weight (kg)", ylab = "Height (cm)")
In the above code, the syntax pch = 16 creates solid dots, while cex = 1.3 creates dots that are 1.3 times bigger than the default (where cex = 1). More about these commands later.
Now let’s perform a linear regression on the two variables by adding the following text at the command line:
lm(height ~ weight)
We see that the intercept is 102.7071 and the slope is 0.9539.
Finally, we can add a best fit line to our plot by adding the following text at the command line:
abline(102.7071, 0.9539)
None of this was so difficult! 🙂
In Part 3 we will look again at regression and create more sophisticated plots.
David
Annex: R codes used
# Creating the height variable height = c(186, 165, 149, 206, 143, 187, 191, 179, 162, 185) # Creating the weight variable weight = c(89, 56, 60, 116, 51, 75, 84, 78, 67, 85) # Show content of both variables height weight # Create a graph (scatterplot) for two variables plot(weight, height) # Improved scatterplot for two variables plot(weight, height, pch = 16, cex = 1.3, col = "red", main = "My first plot using R", xlab = "Weight (kg)", ylab = "Height (cm)") # Estimating the simple linear regression lm(height ~ weight) # Adding regression line on the existing graph abline(102.7071, 0.9539)
Screenshots of the R console with all results:
Senior Academic Manager in New Zealand Institute of Sport and Director of Sigma Statistics and Research Ltd. Author of the book: R Graph Essentials.